Research Papers

2024

○ Cody A. Cushing PhD, Hakwan Lau PhD, Stefan G. Hoffman PhD, Joseph E. LeDoux PhD, Vincent Taschereau-Dumouchel PhD Metacognition as a window into subjective affective experience , Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 17 June 2024

○ Joseph E. LeDoux Consciousness, the affectome, and human life Neuroscience & Behavioral Reviews, April 2024

○ Mahauganee D. Shaw Bonds, Wendy C. Newstetter, Madison Kukura, Megha Desai, Joseph E. LeDoux Scaffolding + Support + Problem-Driven Learning = A Recipe for Effective Group Work in the Biomedical Engineering Classroom, Journal on Excellence in College Teaching, 25 April 2024

○ Joseph E. LeDoux, Consciousness, the affectome, and human life, Neuroscience & Behavioral Reviews, April 2024

○ Zhenfu Wen, Edward F. Pace-Schott, Sara W. Lazar, Jörgen Rosén, Fredrik Åhs, Elizabeth A. Phelps, Joseph E. Ledoux, Mohammed R. Milad Distributed neural representations of conditioned threat in the human brain, 12 March 2024

2023

○ Cody A Cushing, et al. A generative adversarial model of intrusive imagery in the human brain Nexus, Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2023, pgac265

○ Q&A: Joseph LeDoux Current Biology,Volume 33, Issue 2, 23 January 2023, Pages R48-R50

2022

○ Ian T. Kim, Claudia Farb, Mian Hou, Sunanda Prasad, Elyse Talley, Savannah Cook and Vincent D. Campese General and Specific Aversive Modulation of Active Avoidance Require Central Amygdala Front Behav Neurosci. 2022; 16: 879168.

○ JP Oyarzun, TM Kuntz, Y Stussi, OT Karaman, et al. Human threat learning is associated with gut microbiota composition PNAS Nexus, Volume 1, Issue 5, November 2022, pgac271

○ Nicole C.Rust & Joseph E. LeDoux The tricky business of defining brain functions Trends in Neurosciences (TINS). Available online 22 November 2022

○ Joseph E. LeDoux The day I told Karim Nader, "Don't do the study" The Brain Research Bulletin (BRB). 15 October 2022

○ Hakwan Lau, Matthias Michel, Joseph E. LeDoux & Stephen M. Fleming The mnemonic basis of subjective experience Nature Reviews Psychology (2022)

○ Vincent Taschereau-Dumouche, Matthias Miche , Hakwan Lau , Stefan G. Hofmann and Joseph E. LeDoux Putting the “mental” back in “mental disorders”: a perspective from research on fear and anxiety Molecular Psychiatry (2022) Published: 26 January 2022

2021

○ Joseph LeDoux As soon as there was life, there was danger: the deep history of survival behaviours and the shallower history of consciousness Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci . 2022 Feb 14;377(1844):20210292. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0292. Epub 2021 Dec 27.

○ Joseph LeDoux What emotions might be like in other animals Current Biology,Volume 31, Issue 13, 12 July 2021, Pages R824-R829

○ Joseph LeDoux Lighting up mental disorders: A psychiatrist’s stories from the lab and clinic Current Biology, Volume 31, Issue 12, 21 June 2021, Pages R770-R772

2020

○ Campese VD , Kim IT, Kurpas B, Branigan L, Draus C, LeDoux JE. Motivational factors underlying aversive Pavlovian-instrumental transfer. Learn Mem. 2020 Oct 15;27(11):477-482. doi: 10.1101/lm.052316.120. Print 2020 Nov .

○ Joseph E. LeDoux and Hakwan Lau Seeing consciousness through the lens of memory .Current Biology 30, R1009–R1035, September 21, 2020 © 2020 Elsevier Inc.<PDF>

○ Joseph E. LeDoux Thoughtful feelings Current Biology 30, R617–R634, June 8, 2020.

○ Joseph E. LeDoux, Matthias Michel, and Hakwan Lau A little history goes a long way toward understanding why we study consciousness the way we do today PNAS first published March 13, 2020.

○ Joseph E. LeDoux How does the non-conscious become conscious? Current Biology 30, R191–R214, March 9, 2020.

○ Joseph E. LeDoux and Hakwan Lau A new vista in psychiatric treatment: Using individualized functional connectivity to track symptoms PNAS first published February 24, 2020.

○ Shrestha P, Ayata P, Herrero-Vidal P, Longo F, Gastone A, LeDoux JE, Heintz N, Klann E. Cell-type-specific drug-inducible protein synthesis inhibition demonstrates that memory consolidation requires rapid neuronal translation. Nat Neurosci. 2020 Jan 20. doi: 10.1038/s41593-019-0568-z

2019

○ Ostroff LE, Santini E, Sears R, Deane Z, Kanadia RN, LeDoux JE, Lhakhang T, Tsirigos A, Heguy A, Klann E. Axon TRAP reveals learning-associated alterations in cortical axonal mRNAs in the lateral amgydala. Elife. 2019 Dec 11;8. pii: e51607. doi: 10.7554/eLife.51607. <Full>

○ Gu, Y., Piper, W.T., Branigan, L.A. et al. A brainstem-central amygdala circuit underlies defensive responses to learned threats. Mol Psychiatry (2019) doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0599-6

○ Brown R, Lau H, LeDoux JE. Understanding the Higher-Order Approach to Consciousness. Trends Cogn Sci. 2019 Sep;23(9):754-768

○ Campese VD, Kim IT, Hou M, Gupta S, Draus C, Kurpas B, Burke K, LeDoux JE. Chemogenetic inhibition reveals that processing relative but not absolute threat requires basal amygdala. J Neurosci. 2019 Sep 6. pii: 2530-18. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2530-18.2019.

○ Richard Brown, Hakwan Lau, Joseph E. LeDoux. The Misunderstood Higher-Order Approach to Consciousness. psyarxiv.com, January 07, 2019.

○Matthias Michel, Diane Beck, […]Masatoshi Yoshida . Opportunities and challenges for a maturing science of consciousness Nature Human Behaviourvolume 3, pages104–107 (2019).

2018

  1. Edited by Dean Mobbs, Joseph LeDoux Survival circuits. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences. Volume 24, Pages 1-180 (December 2018).

  2. Joseph LeDoux & Nathaniel D. Daw Surviving threats: neural circuit and computational implications of a new taxonomy of defensive behaviour. Nature reviews neuroscience. 2018 Jan 17.

  3. Joseph E LeDoux, Stefan G Hofmann The subjective experience of emotion: a fearful view. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences Volume 19, February 2018, Pages 67-72. Nature. 2018 Jul 26. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0405-7.

  4. Huynh TN, Santini E, Mojica E, Fink AE, Hall BS, Fetcho RN, Grosenick L, Deisseroth K, LeDoux JE, Liston C, Klann E. Extinction of auditory threat memory triggers activation of p70 S6 kinase 1 in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala. Mol Psychiatry. 2018 Jun;23(6):1393.

  5. Krypotos AM, Moscarello JM, Sears RM, LeDoux JE, Galatzer-Levy I. A principled method to identify individual differences and behavioral shifts in signaled active avoidance. Learn Mem. 2018 Oct 15;25(11):564-568. doi: 10.1101/lm.047399.118. Print 2018 Nov.

  6. Schiller D, Monfils MH, Raio CM, Johnson DC, LeDoux JE, Phelps EA. Addendum: Preventing the return of fear in humans using reconsolidation update mechanisms. Nature. 2018 Jul 26. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0405-7.

  7. Ann E. J N Fink* and Joseph E. LeDoux Beta-adrenergic enhancement of neuronal excitability in the lateral amygdala is developmentally gated.europhysiol. 2018 Jan 17.

2017

  1. Boeke EA, Moscarello JM, LeDoux JE, Phelps EA, Hartley CA. Active Avoidance: Active Avoidance: Neural Mechanisms and Attenuation of Pavlovian Conditioned Responding. J Neurosci. 2017 May 3;37(18):4808-4818.. <Abstract><Full>

  2. Vincent D. Campese, Jose M Soroeta, Elena M Vazey, Gary Aston-Jones, Joseph E LeDoux and Robert M Sears. Noradrenergic Regulation of central Amygdala in Aversive Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer . eNeuro 13 October 2017 <Full>

  3. Vincent D. Campese, Ian T. Kim, Gerardo Rojas and Joseph E. LeDoux. Pavlovian Extinction and Recovery Effects in Aversive Pavlovian to Instrumental Transfer . Front. Behav. Neurosci., 25 September 2017 <Full>

  4. Dallérac G1, Graupner M2, Knippenberg J1, Martinez RC3, Tavares TF1, Tallot L1, El Massioui N1, Verschueren A1, Höhn S1, Bertolus JB1,4, Reyes A2, LeDoux JE2,5, Schafe GE6, Diaz-Mataix L2& Doyère V1. Updating temporal expectancy of an aversive event engages striatal plasticity under amygdala control . Nat Commun. 2017 Jan 9;8:13920. doi: 10.1038/ncomms13920. <Abstract><Full>

  5. Díaz-Mataix L Piper WT, Schiff HC, Roberts CH, Campese VD, Sears RM, LeDoux JE. Characterization of the amplificatory effect of norepinephrine in the acquisition of Pavlovian threat associations. Learn Mem. 2017 Aug 16;24(9):432-439. doi: 10.1101/lm.044412.116. Print 2017 Sep <Abstract><Full>

  6. Huynh TN, Santini E, Mojica E, Fink AE, Hall BS, Fetcho RN, Grosenick L, Deisseroth K, LeDoux JE, Liston C, Klann E. Activation of a novel p70 S6 kinase 1-dependent intracellular cascade in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala is required for the acquisition of extinction memory. Mol Psychiatry. 2017 May 2. doi: 10.1038/mp.2017.99. [Epub ahead of print] <Abstract><Full>

  7. Joseph LeDoux Semantics, Surplus Meaning, and the Science of Fear. Trends Cogn Sci. 2017 May;21(5):303-306. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2017. <Full>

  8. Joseph LeDoux and Richard Brownc A higher-order theory of emotional consciousness. March 16,2017, Trends in Cognitive Sciences. <Full>

  9. Ostroff LE, Botsford B, Gindina S, Cowansage KK, LeDoux JE, Klann E, Hoeffer C. Accumulation of polyribosomes in dendritic spine heads, but not bases and necks, during memory consolidation depends on cap-dependent translation initiation. J Neurosci. 2017 Jan 13. pii: 3301-16. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3301-16.2017. <Abstract><Full>

  10. Pine DS, LeDoux JE. Elevating the Role of Subjective Experience in the Clinic: Response to Fanselow and Pennington. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Nov 1;174(11):1121-1122. doi: 10.1176/ <Full>

  11. Tallot L, Diaz-Mataix L, Perry RE, Wood K, LeDoux JE, Mouly AM, Sullivan RM, Doyère V. Updating of aversive memories after temporal error detection is differentially modulated by mTOR across development. Learn Mem. 2017 Feb 15;24(3):115-122. doi: 10.1101/lm.043083.116. Print 2017 Mar. <Abstract>

  12. Wigestrand MB, Schiff HC, Fyhn M, LeDoux JE, Sears RM. Primary auditory cortex regulates threat memory specificity. Learn Mem. 2016 Dec 15;24(1):55-58. doi: 10.1101/lm.044362.116. Print 2017 Jan. <Abstract><Full>

2016

  1. Vincent D. Campese , Robert M. Sears, Justin M. Moscarello, Lorenzo Diaz-Mataix, Christopher K. Cain, Joseph E. LeDoux The Neural Foundations of Reaction and Action in Aversive Motivation . Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2016;27:171-95. doi: 10.1007/7854_2015_401. Review. <Full>

  2. Kroes MC, Schiller D, LeDoux JE, Phelps EA. Translational Approaches Targeting Reconsolidation.Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2016 May 31.< Abstract > <Full>

  3. Madarasz TJ, Diaz-Mataix L, Akhand O, Ycu EA, LeDoux JE, Johansen JP. Evaluation of ambiguous associations in the amygdala by learning the structure of the environment. Nat Neurosci. 2016 Jul;19(7):965-72. doi: 10.1038/nn.4308. Epub 2016 May 23.<Abstract><Full>

  4. LeDoux JE J Moscarello, R Sears and V Campese. The birth, death and resurrection of avoidance: a reconceptualization of a troubled paradigm Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication 18 October 2016; doi: 10.1038/mp.2016.166 <Full>

  5. Joseph E. LeDoux, Daniel S. Pine. Using Neuroscience to Help Understand Fear and Anxiety: A Two-System Framework Am J Psychiatry, September 09, 2016<Full>

  6. Schiff HC, Johansen JP, Hou M, Bush DE, Smith EK, Klein JE, LeDoux JE, Sears RM. ß-Adrenergic Receptors Regulate the Acquisition and Consolidation Phases of Aversive Memory Formation through Distinct, Temporally-Regulated Signaling Pathways. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2016 Oct 20. doi: 10.1038/npp.2016.238.<Full>

  7. Wigestrand MB, Schiff HC, Fyhn M, LeDoux JE, Sears RM.. Primary auditory cortex regulates threat memory specificity. Learn Mem. 2016 Dec 15;24(1):55-58. doi: 10.1101/lm.044362.116.<Full>

2015

  1. Campese VD, Gonzaga R, Moscarello JM, LeDoux JE. Modulation of instrumental responding by a conditioned threat stimulus requires lateral and central amygdala . Front. Behav. Neurosci., 30 October 2015 <Abstract><Full>

  2. Dunsmoor JE, Campese VD, Ceceli AO, LeDoux JE, Phelps EA. Novelty-Facilitated Extinction: Providing a Novel Outcome in Place of an Expected Threat Diminishes Recovery of Defensive Response. Biol Psychiatry. 2015 Aug 1;78(3):203-9<Abstract> <Full>

  3. Joseph E. LeDoux. Feelings: What Are They & How Does the Brain Make Them?DAED_a_00319 © 2015 by the American Academy of Arts & Sciences doi: 10.1162<Full>

  4. Ramirez F., Moscarello JM, LeDoux JE, Sears RM Active avoidance requires a serial Basal amygdala to nucleus accumbens shell circuit. J Neurosci. 2015 Feb 25;35(8):3470-7. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1331-14.2015.<Abstract> <Full>

2014

  1. Apergis-Schoute AM, Schiller D, Ledoux JE, Phelps EA.Extinction resistant changes in the human auditory association cortex following threat learning. <Abstract><Full>

  2. Johansen JP, Diaz-Mataix L, Hamanaka H, Ozawa T, Ycu E, Koivumaa J, Kumar A, Hou M, Deisseroth K, Boyden ES, LeDoux JE. Hebbian and neuromodulatory mechanisms interact to trigger associative memory formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Dec 8. pii: 201421304.<Abstract><Full>

  3. LeDoux JE. Coming to terms with fear.PNAS 2014:1400335111v1-201400335. <Abstract><Full>

  4. LeDoux J. Low roads and higher order thoughts in emotion. Cortex. 2014 Oct;59:214-5. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.06.008. Epub 2014 Jun 17. <Full>

  5. Galatzer-Levy IR, Moscarello J, Blessing EM, Klein J, Cain CK, LeDoux JE. Heterogeneity in signaled active avoidance learning: substantive and methodological relevance of diversity in instrumental defensive responses to threat cues. Front Syst Neurosci. 2014 Sep 24;8:179. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00179. eCollection 2014.Abstract><Full>

  6. Ostroff LE, Manzur MK, Cain CK, Ledoux JE. Synapses lacking astrocyte appear in the amygdala during consolidation of Pavlovian threat conditioning. J Comp Neurol. 2014 Jun 15;522(9):2152-63. doi: 10.1002/cne.23523.<Abstract><Full>

  7. McCue MG, LeDoux JE, Cain CK. Medial amygdala lesions selectively block aversive pavlovian-instrumental transfer in rats.Front Behav Neurosci. 2014 Sep 18;8:329. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00329. eCollection 2014.<Abstract><Full>

  8. Moscarello JM, LeDoux J. Diverse Effects of Conditioned Threat Stimuli on Behavior. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2014;79:11-9. <Abstract><Full>

  9. Sears RM, Schiff HC, LeDoux JE. Molecular mechanisms of threat learning in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2014;122:263-304. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-420170-5.00010-6.<Abstract><Full>

  10. Vincent D Campese, Jeanny Kim, Gabriel Lazaro-Munoz, Lashawn Pena, Joseph E LeDoux and Christopher K Cain. Lesions of lateral or central amygdala abolish aversive Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in rats. Front. Behav. Neurosci., 07 May 2014. < Abstract><Full>

2013

Alberini CM, LeDoux JE. Memory reconsolidation. Curr Biol. 2013 Sep 9;23(17):R746-50. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.06.046.<Abstract><Full>

Vincent Campese, Margaret McCue, Gabriel Lazaro-Munoz, Joseph LeDoux and Christopher Cain.Development of an aversive Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer task in rat. Front. Behav. Neurosci. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00176 .<Abstract><Full>

Cowansage KK, Bush DE, Josselyn SA, Klann E, Ledoux JE. Basal variability in CREB phosphorylation predicts trait-like differences in amygdala-dependent memory.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Oct 8;110(41):16645-50. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1304665110. Epub 2013 Sep 23.<Abstract><Full>

Debiec J, Diaz-Mataix L, Bush DE, Doyère V, LeDoux JE. The selectivity of aversive memory reconsolidation and extinction processes depends on the initial encoding of the Pavlovian association. Learn Mem. 2013 Nov 19;20(12):695-9. doi: 10.1101/lm.031609.113. <Abstract><Full>

Díaz-Mataix L, Ruiz Martinez RC, Schafe GE, Ledoux JE, Doyère V. Detection of a Temporal Error Triggers Reconsolidation of Amygdala-Dependent Memories. Curr Biol. 2013 Feb 26. doi:pii: S0960-9822(13)00088-2. 10.1016/j.cub.2013.01.053. <Abstract><Full>

Galatzer-Levy IR, Bonanno GA, Bush DE, LeDoux JE.Heterogeneity in threat extinction learning: substantive and methodological considerations for identifying individual difference in response to stress.Front Behav Neurosci. 2013 May 29;7:55. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00055. Print 2013.<Abstract><Full>

LeDoux JE. The slippery slope of fear. Trends Cogn Sci. 2013 Mar 8. doi:pii: S1364-6613(13)00046-6. 10.1016/j.tics.2013.02.004 <Abstract><Full>

Martinez RC, Gupta N, Lázaro-Muñoz G, Sears RM, Kim S, Moscarello JM, Ledoux JE, Cain CK. Active vs. reactive threat responding is associated with differential c-Fos expression in specific regions of amygdala and prefrontal cortex. Learn Mem. 2013 Jul 18;20(8):446-52. doi: 10.1101/lm.031047.113.

Moscarello JM, LeDoux JE. Active avoidance learning requires prefrontal suppression of amygdala-mediated defensive reactions.J Neurosci. 2013 Feb 27;33(9):3815-23. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2596-12.2013. <Abstract><Full>

Daniela Schiller,Jonathan W. Kanen,Joseph E. LeDoux,Marie-H. Monfils, and Elizabeth A. Phelps. Extinction during reconsolidation of threat memory diminishes prefrontal cortex involvement PNASNovember 25, 2013 . <Abstract><Full>

Sears RM, Fink AE, Wigestrand MB, Farb CR, de Lecea L, Ledoux JE. Orexin/hypocretin system modulates amygdala-dependent threat learning through the locus coeruleus Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Nov 25 . <Abstract><Full>

2012

Erlich JC, Bush DE, Ledoux JE. The role of the lateral amygdala in the retrieval and maintenance of fear-memories formed by repeated probabilistic reinforcement. Front Behav Neurosci. 2012;6:16. Epub 2012 Apr 10. <Abstract><Full>

Isogawa K, Bush DE, Ledoux JE Contrasting Effects of Pretraining, Posttraining, and Pretesting Infusions of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor into the Lateral Amygdala: Attenuation of Fear Memory Formation but Facilitation of its Expression. Biol Psychiatry. 2012 Oct 1. pii: S0006-3223(12)00758-5. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.08.021.<Abstract><Full>

Martinez RC, Gupta N, Lázaro-Muñoz G, Sears RM, Kim S, Moscarello JM, Ledoux JE, Cain CK. Active vs. reactive threat responding is associated with differential c-Fos expression in specific regions of amygdala and prefrontal cortex. Learn Mem. 2013 Jul 18;20(8):446-52. doi: 10.1101/lm.031047.113.

Galatzer-Levy IR, Bonanno GA, Bush DE, LeDoux JE.Heterogeneity in threat extinction learning: substantive and methodological considerations for identifying individual difference in response to stress.Front Behav Neurosci. 2013 May 29;7:55. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00055. Print 2013.<Abstract><Full>

LeDoux JE. Rethinking the Emotional Brain. Neuron, Volume 73, Issue 4, Pages 653-676, Publication Date 23 February 2012 Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.02.004 <Read the Article.pdf>

Burghardt NS, Sigurdsson T, Gorman JM, McEwen BS, Ledoux JE. Chronic Antidepressant Treatment Impairs the Acquisition of Fear Extinction. Biol Psychiatry. 2012 Dec 19. doi:pii: S0006-3223(12)00925-0. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.10.012.<Abstract><Full>

Ostroff LE, Cain CK, Jindal N, Dar N, Ledoux JE.Stability of presynaptic vesicle pools and changes in synapse morphology in the amygdala following fear learning in adult rats.J Comp Neurol. 2012 Feb 1;520(2):295-314. doi: 10.1002/cne.22691. <Abstract><Full>

2011

Debiec J, Bush DE, LeDoux JE. Noradrenergic enhancement of reconsolidation in the amygdala impairs extinction of conditioned fear in rats--a possible mechanism for the persistence of traumatic memories in PTSD. Depress Anxiety. 2011 Mar;28(3):186-93. doi: 10.1002/da.20803. <Abstract><Full>

Díaz-Mataix L, Debiec J, LeDoux JE, Doyère V.Sensory-specific associations stored in the lateral amygdala allow for selective alteration of fear memories. J Neurosci. 2011 Jun 29;31(26):9538-43. <Abstract><Full>

Hoeffer CA, Cowansage KK, Arnold EC, Banko JL, Moerke NJ, Rodriguez R, Schmidt EK, Klosi E, Chorev M, Lloyd RE, Pierre P, Wagner G, LeDoux JE, Klann E. Inhibition of the interactions between eukaryotic initiation factors 4E and 4G impairs long-term associative memory consolidation but not reconsolidation.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Feb 22;108(8):3383-8. Epub 2011 Feb 2. <Abstract><Full>

Johansen JP, Wolff SB, Lüthi A, Ledoux JE. Controlling the Elements: An Optogenetic Approach to Understanding the Neural Circuits of Fear. Biol Psychiatry. 2011 Dec 12. <Abstract><Full>

Joshua P. Johansen, Christopher K. Cain, Linnaea E. Ostroff, Joseph E. LeDoux Molecular Mechanisms of Fear Learning and Memory. 28 October 2011 Cell 147(3) pp. 509 - 524 <Abstract><Full>

Johnson LR1, Hou M2, Prager E M1, LeDoux J2 Regulation of the fear network by mediators of stress: Norepinephrine alters the balance between Cortical and Subcortical afferent excitation of the Lateral Amygdala Front Behav Neurosci. 2011;5:23. Epub 2011 May 23. <Abstract>

LeDoux JE Music and the brain, literally Front Hum Neurosci. 2011;5:54. Epub 2011 May 27. <Full>

Ostroff LE. Recalling the future. Nat 474(7349) (2011) <Full>

2010

David E A . Bush, Ellen M . Caparosa, Anna Gekker and Joseph LeDoux Beta-adrenergic receptors in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala contribute to the acquisition but not the consolidation of auditory fear conditioning. Front Behav Neurosci. (Paper pending published: 04 July 2010); <Abstract><Full>

Choi JS, Cain CK, Ledoux JE. The role of amygdala nuclei in the expression of auditory signaled two-way active avoidance in rats. Learn Mem. 2010 Feb 26;17(3):139-47. <Abstract><full>

Cowansage KK, Ledoux JE, Monfils MH.Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: A Dynamic Gatekeeper of Neural Plasticity.Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2010 Jan;3(1):12-29.<Abstract>

Cunha C1, 2, Monfils MH 1, 3 and LeDoux JE.GABAC receptors in the lateral amygdala: a possible novel target for the treatment of fear and anxiety disorders? Front Behav Neurosci. 2010 Mar 12;4:6.<Abstract><Full>

Daniela Schiller, Marie-H. Monfils, Candace M. Raio, David C. Johnson, Joseph E. LeDoux & Elizabeth A. Phelps. Preventing the return of fear in humans using reconsolidation update mechanisms. Nature 463, 49-53 (7 January 2010) <Full>
See also:
*Nature News & Views by Gregory Quirk and Mohammed Milad
*Nature video feature

Debiec J, Díaz-Mataix L, Bush DE, Doyère V, Ledoux JE.The amygdala encodes specific sensory features of an aversive reinforcer.Nat Neurosci. 2010 Mar 28. <Abstract><Full>

Farb C.R. Chang W, and LeDoux J.E. Ultrastructural characterization of noradrenergic axons and beta-adrenergic receptors in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala <Abstract><Full>

Johansen JP, Tarpley JW, Ledoux JE, Blair HT. Neural substrates for expectation-modulated fear learning in the amygdala and periaqueductal gray. Nat Neurosci. 2010 Jul 4.<Abstract><Full>

Johansen JP, Hamanaka H, Monfils MH, Behnia R, Deisseroth K, Blair HT, LeDoux JE.Optical activation of lateral amygdala pyramidal cells instructs associative fear learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jul 13;107(28):12692-7. Epub 2010 Jun 25.<Abstract><Full>

Johansen JP, Tarpley JW, Ledoux JE, Blair HT. Neural substrates for expectation-modulated fear learning in the amygdala and periaqueductal gray. Nat Neurosci. 2010 Jul 4.<Abstract><Full>

Lázaro-Muñoz G, Ledoux JE, Cain CK. Sidman Instrumental Avoidance Initially Depends on Lateral and Basal Amygdala and Is Constrained by Central Amygdala-Mediated Pavlovian Processes. Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Jan 26.<Abstract><Full>

Lazzaro SC, Hou M, Cunha C, LeDoux JE, Cain CK. Antagonism of lateral amygdala alpha1-adrenergic receptors facilitates fear conditioning and long-term potentiation. Learn Mem. 2010 Sep 24;17(10):489-93. Print 2010.<Abstract><Full>

Nedelescu H, Kelso CM, Lázaro-Muñoz G, Purpura M, Cain CK, Ledoux JE, Aoki C.Endogenous GluR1-containing AMPA receptors translocate to asymmetric synapses in the lateral amygdala during the early phase of fear memory formation: an electron microscopic immunocytochemical study. J Comp Neurol. 2010 Dec 1;518(23):4723-39. <Abstract><Full>

Ostroff LE, Cain CK, Bedont J, Monfils MH, Ledoux JE.Fear and safety learning differentially affect synapse size and dendritic translation in the lateral amygdala. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 May 3. <Abstract><Full>

Schiller D, Monfils MH, Raio CM, Johnson DC, Ledoux JE, Phelps EA.Preventing the return of fear in humans using reconsolidation update mechanisms.Nature. 2010 Jan 7;463(7277):49-53. Epub 2009 Dec 9.<Abstract><Full>

Sigurðsson T, Cain CK, Doyère V, Ledoux JE Asymmetries in long-term and short-term plasticity at thalamic and cortical inputs to the amygdala in vivo.Eur J Neurosci. 2010 Jan 13.<Abstract><Full>

2009

Delgado MR, Jou RL, Ledoux JE, Phelps EA. Avoiding negative outcomes: tracking the mechanisms of avoidance learning in humans during fear conditioning. Front Behav Neurosci. 2009;3:33. Epub 2009 Oct 1.<Abstract><Full>

Mauricio R. Delgado, Rita L. Jou, Joseph E. LeDoux, and Elizabeth A. Phelps Avoiding Negative Outcomes: Tracking the Mechanisms of Avoidance Learning in Humans During Fear Conditioning.Front Behav Neurosci. 2009; 3: 33. <full>

Lamprecht R, Dracheva S, Assoun S, Ledoux JE.Fear conditioning induces distinct patterns of gene expression in lateral amygdala.Genes Brain Behav. 2009 Jun 23. <Abstract><Full>

Enrique Lanuza, Jose Moncho-Bogani, and Joseph E. LeDoux Unconditioned Stimulus Pathways to the Amygdala: Effects of Lesions of the Posterior Intralaminar Thalamus on Footshock-Induced c-Fos Expression in the Subdivisions of the Lateral Amygdala.Neuroscience. 2008 August 26; 155(3): 959–968. <full>

Monfils MH, Cowansage KK, Klann E, LeDoux JE. .Extinction-reconsolidation boundaries: key to persistent attenuation of fear memories.Science. 2009 May 15;324(5929):951-5. Epub 2009 Apr 2.<Full>

Jason J. Radley, Claudia Farb, Yong He, William G.M. Janssen, Sarina M. Rodrigues, Luke R. Johnson, Patrick R. Hof, Joseph E. LeDoux, and John H. Morrison The distribution of NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits at thalamo-amygdala dendritic spines. Brain Res. 2007 February 23; 1134(1): 87–94.<Full>

Johnson LR, Ledoux JE, Doyère V. Hebbian reverberations in emotional memory micro circuits. Front Neurosci. 2009 Sep;3(2):198-205. Epub .<Abstract><Full>

Rodrigues SM, Ledoux JE, Sapolsky RM.The influence of stress hormones on fear circuitry.Annu Rev Neurosci. 2009;32:289-313.<Full>

Schiller D and Johansen J . Prelimbic Prefrontal Neurons Drive Fear Expression: A Clue for Extinction–Reconsolidation Interactions
J. Neurosci. 2009;29 13432-13434 <Full>

Francisco Sotres-Bayon, Llorenç Diaz-Mataix, David E.A. Bush, and Joseph E. LeDoux Dissociable roles for the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala in fear extinction: NR2B contribution.Cereb Cortex. 2009 February; 19(2): 474–482. <Full>

2008

Delgado MR, Nearing KI, Ledoux JE, Phelps EA. Neural circuitry underlying the regulation of conditioned fear and its relation to extinction.Neuron. 2008 Sep 11;59(5):829-38. <Abstract> <Full>

Duvarci S, Nader K, LeDoux JE.De novo mRNA synthesis is required for both consolidation and reconsolidation of fear memories in the amygdala.Learn Mem. 2008 Oct 2;15(10):747-55. Print 2008.<Abstract> <Full>

Joseph E. LeDoux: Amygdala. Scholarpedia (2008)- in process.

Lanuza E, Moncho-Bogani J, Ledoux JE. Unconditioned stimulus pathways to the amygdala: Effects of lesions of the posterior intralaminar thalamus on foot-shock-induced c-Fos expression in the subdivisions of the lateral amygdala. Neuroscience. 2008 Aug 26;155(3):959-68. Epub 2008 Jun 19.<Abstract><Full>

Johnson LR, Hou M, Ponce-Alvarez A, Gribelyuk L, Alphs H, Albert Jr L, Brown BL, LeDoux J and Doyere V (2008). A recurrent network in the lateral amygdala: a mechanism for coincidence detection. Front Neural Circuits. 2008; 2: 3. <Abstract><Full>

Schiller D, Cain CK, Curley NG, Schwartz JS, Stern SA, Ledoux JE, Phelps EA. Evidence for recovery of fear following immediate extinction in rats and humans.1: Learn Mem. 2008 May 28;15(6):394-402. <Abstract><Full>

Schiller D, Levy I, Niv Y, LeDoux JE, Phelps EA. (2008) From fear to
safety and back - reversal of fear in the human brain. The Journal of
Neuroscience 28(45):11517-11525. <Abstract> <Full>

Sotres-Bayon F, Diaz-Mataix L, Bush DE, Ledoux JE. Dissociable Roles for the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala in Fear Extinction: NR2B Contribution.Cereb Cortex. 2008 Jun 17. <Abstract><Full>

tion: NR2B contribution.Cereb Cortex. 2009 February; 19(2): 474–482. <Full>

2007

Burghardt NS, Bush DE, McEwen BS, Ledoux JE.Acute Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Increase Conditioned Fear Expression: Blockade With a 5-HT(2C) Receptor Antagonist. Biol Psychiatry. 2007 May 22; [Epub ahead of print] <Abstract><Full>

Bush DE, Sotres-Bayon F, Ledoux JE.Individual differences in fear: Isolating fear reactivity and fear recovery phenotypes. J Trauma Stress. 2007 Aug 22;20(4):413-422 [Epub ahead of print] <Abstract><Full>

Butler T, Pan H, Tuescher O, Engelien A, Goldstein M, Epstein J, Weisholtz D, Root JC, Protopopescu X, Cunningham-Bussel AC, Chang L, Xie XH, Chen Q, Phelps EA, Ledoux JE, Stern E, Silbersweig DA. Human fear-related motor neurocircuitry.Neuroscience. 2007 Nov 30;150(1):1-7. Epub 2007 <Abstract><Full>

Cain CK, Ledoux JE. Escape from fear: A detailed behavioral analysis of two atypical responses reinforced by CS termination.J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2007 Oct;33(4):451-63. PMID: 17924792 [PubMed - in process] <Abstract> <Full>

Doyère V, Debiec J, Monfils MH, Schafe GE, LeDoux JE.. Synapse-specific reconsolidation of distinct fear memories in the lateral amygdala. Nature Neuroscience - 10, 414 - 416 (2007). <Abstract> <Full>

Hu H, Real E, Takamiya K, Kang MG, Ledoux J, Huganir RL, Malinow R.
Emotion enhances learning via norepinephrine regulation of AMPA-receptor trafficking.Cell. 2007 Oct 5;131(1):160-73. <Abstract><Full>

Kopec CD, Kessels HW, Bush DE, Cain CK, Ledoux JE, Malinow R. A robust automated method to analyze rodent motion during fear conditioning.
Neuropharmacology. 2007 Jan;52(1):228-33. Epub 2006 Aug 22. <Abstract><Full>

Joseph E. LeDoux: Emotional Memory. Scholarpedia (2007), 2(7):180

LeDoux J.The amygdala.Curr Biol. 2007 Oct 23;17(20):R868-74. Review. No abstract available. <full>

Monfils MH, Cowansage KK, LeDoux JE.Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: linking fear learning to memory consolidation.Mol Pharmacol. 2007 Aug;72(2):235-7. Epub 2007 May 23. <Abstract><Full>

Protopopescu X, Pan H, Tuescher O, Cloitre M, Goldstein M, Engelien A, Yang Y, Gorman J, LeDoux J, Stern E, Silbersweig D.Increased brainstem volume in panic disorder: a voxel-based morphometric study.Neuroreport. 2006 Mar 20;17(4):361-3. <Abstract>

Radley JJ, Farb CR, He Y, Janssen WG, Rodrigues SM, Johnson LR, Hof PR, Ledoux JE, Morrison JH.Distribution of NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits at thalamo-amygdaloid dendritic spines.Brain Res. 2007 Jan 4; [Epub ahead of print] <Abstract><Full>

Sigurdsson T, Doyere V, Cain CK, Ledoux JE.Long-term potentiation in the amygdala: A cellular mechanism of fear learning and memory.
Neuropharmacology. 2007 Jan;52(1):215-27. Epub 2006 Aug 21. <Abstract><Full>

Sotres-Bayon F, Bush DE, Ledoux JE.Acquisition of Fear Extinction Requires Activation of NR2B-Containing NMDA Receptors in the Lateral Amygdala.
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007 Jan 10; <Abstract><Full>

Yehuda R, LeDoux J. Response Variation following Trauma: A Translational Neuroscience Approach to Understanding PTSD. Neuron. 2007 Oct 4;56(1):19-32. Review. <Abstract> <Full

2006

Debiec J, Doyere V, Nader K, Ledoux JE.
Directly reactivated, but not indirectly reactivated, memories undergo reconsolidation in the amygdala.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Feb 28;103(9):3428-33. Epub 2006 Feb 21. <Abstract><Full article>

Debiec J, Ledoux JE. Noradrenergic signaling in the amygdala contributes to the reconsolidation of fear memory: treatment implications for PTSD.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Jul;1071:521-4. <Abstract>

Kopec CD, Kessels HW, Bush DE, Cain CK, Ledoux JE, Malinow R. A robust automated method to analyze rodent motion during fear conditioning.
Neuropharmacology. 2006 Aug 18;<Abstract><Full article>

Lamprecht R, Margulies DS, Farb CR, Hou M, Johnson LR, Ledoux JE.
Myosin light chain kinase regulates synaptic plasticity and fear learning in the lateral amygdala. Neuroscience. 2006 Feb 28. <Abstract><Full article>

Lamprecht R, Farb CR, Rodrigues SM, LeDoux JE.Fear conditioning drives profilin into amygdala dendritic spines.Nat Neurosci. 2006 Apr;9(4):481-3. Epub 2006 Mar 19. <Abstract><Full article>

Radley JJ, Johnson LR, Janssen WG, Martino J, Lamprecht R, Hof PR, LeDoux JE, Morrison JH.Associative Pavlovian conditioning leads to an increase in spinophilin-immunoreactive dendritic spines in the lateral amygdala.
Eur J Neurosci. 2006 Aug;24(3):876-84. <Abstract><Full article>

Sotres-Bayon F, Cain CK, Ledoux JE. Brain Mechanisms of Fear Extinction: Historical Perspectives on the Contribution of Prefrontal Cortex. <Abstract><Full article>

Wilensky AE, Schafe GE, Kristensen MP, LeDoux JE.Rethinking the fear circuit: the central nucleus of the amygdala is required for the acquisition, consolidation, and expression of Pavlovian fear conditioning<Abstract><Full article>

2005

Apergis-Schoute AM, Debiec J, Doyere V, LeDoux JE, Schafe GE.
Auditory fear conditioning and long-term potentiation in the lateral amygdala require ERK/MAP kinase signaling in the auditory thalamus: a role for presynaptic plasticity in the fear system. J Neurosci. 2005 Jun 15;25(24):5730-9. <Abstract><Full article>

Blair HT, Sotres-Bayon F, Moita MA, Ledoux JE.
The lateral amygdala processes the value of conditioned and unconditioned aversive stimuli.Neuroscience. 2005;133(2):561-9. <Abstract><Full article>

Duvarci S, Nader K, LeDoux JE.
Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase- mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in the amygdala is required for memory reconsolidation of auditory fear conditioning. Eur J Neurosci. 2005 Jan;21(1):283-9. <Abstract><Full article>

Johnson LR, Farb C, Morrison JH, McEwen BS, Ledoux JE. Localization of glucocorticoid receptors at postsynaptic membranes in the lateral amygdala.
Neuroscience. 2005;136(1):289-99. Epub 2005 Sep 21. <Abstract><Full article>

Pham K, McEwen BS, Ledoux JE, Nader K. Fear learning transiently impairs hippocampal cell proliferation.Neuroscience. 2005;130(1):17-24. <Abstract><Full article>

Phelps EA, Ledoux JE.Contributions of the amygdala to emotion processing: from animal models to human behavior. Neuron. 2005 Oct 20;48(2):175-87.
<Abstract><Full article>

Rumpel S, LeDoux J, Zador A, Malinow R. Postsynaptic Receptor Trafficking Underlying a Form of Associative Learning.Science. 2005 Apr 1;308(5718):83-8. Epub 2005 Mar 3. <Full article>

Schafe GE, Bauer EP, Rosis S, Farb CR, Rodrigues SM, Ledoux JE.
Memory consolidation of Pavlovian fear conditioning requires nitric oxide signaling in the lateral amygdala. Eur J Neurosci. 2005 Jul;22(1):201-11.
<Abstract><Full article>

Schafe GE, Doyere V, LeDoux JE.Tracking the fear engram: the lateral amygdala is an essential locus of fear memory storage.
J Neurosci. 2005 Oct 26;25(43):10010-4. <Abstract><Full article>

2004

Bauer EP, LeDoux JE.
Heterosynaptic long-term potentiation of inhibitory interneurons in the lateral amygdala.The Journal of Neuroscience, October 27, 2004, 24(43):9507-9512 <Abstract><Full article>

Burghardt NS, Sullivan GM, McEwen BS, Gorman JM, LeDoux JE
The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram increases fear after
acute treatment but reduces fear with chronic treatment: a comparison with
tianeptine. Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Jun 15;55(12):1171-8<Abstract><Full article>

Debiec J, Ledoux JE. Disruption of reconsolidation but not consolidation of auditory fear conditioning by noradrenergic blockade in the amygdala.
Neuroscience. 2004;129(2):267-72.<Abstract><Full article>

Lamprecht R, LeDoux J.
Structural plasticity and memory. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2004 Jan;5(1):45-54.<Full article>

Lanuza E, K. Nader and J. E. Ledoux
Unconditioned stimulus pathways to the amygdala: Effects of posterior thalamic and cortical lesions on fear conditioning.Neuroscience 125 (2004) 305–315<Full Article>

Moita MA, Rosis S, Zhou Y, LeDoux JE, Blair HT.
Putting fear in its place: remapping of hippocampal place cells during fear conditioning.J Neurosci. 2004 Aug 4;24(31):7015-23. <Abstract><Full article>

Pare D, Quirk GJ, Ledoux JE.
New vistas on amygdala networks in conditioned fear.J Neurophysiol. 2004 Jul;92(1):1-9. Review. <Abstract><Full article>

Phelps EA, Delgado MR, Nearing KI, LeDoux JE.
Extinction Learning in Humans; Role of the Amygdala and vmPFC.Neuron. 2004 Sep 16;43(6):897-905. <Abstract><Full article>

Rodrigues SM, Farb CR, Bauer EP, LeDoux JE, Schafe GE.
Pavlovian fear conditioning regulates Thr286 autophosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II at lateral amygdala synapses.J Neurosci. 2004 Mar 31;24(13):3281-8. <Abstract><Full article>

Rodrigues SM, Schafe GE, LeDoux JE. Molecular mechanisms underlying emotional learning and memory in the lateral amygdala. Neuron. 2004 Sep 30;44(1):75-91.<Abstract><Full article>

Sotres-Bayon F, Bush DE, LeDoux JE.
Emotional perseveration: an update on prefrontal-amygdala interactions in fear extinction.Learn Mem. 2004 Sep-Oct;11(5):525-35. <Abstract><Full article>

Sullivan GM, Apergis J, Bush DE, Johnson LR, Hou M, Ledoux JE. Lesions in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis disrupt corticosterone and freezing responses elicited by a contextual but not by a specific cue-conditioned fear stimulus.Neuroscience. 2004;128(1):7-14. <Abstract><Full article>

2003

Blair HT, Tinkelman A, Moita MA, LeDoux JE.
Associative plasticity in neurons of the lateral amygdala during auditory fear conditioning.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003 Apr;985:485-7. <Full article>

Debiec J, LeDoux JE.
Conclusions: from self-knowledge to a science of the self.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003 Oct;1001:305-15. < Abstract > <Full article>

Doyere V, Schafe GE, Sigurdsson T, LeDoux JE.
Long-term potentiation in freely moving rats reveals asymmetries in thalamic and cortical inputs to the lateral amygdala.Eur J Neurosci. 2003 Jun;17(12):2703-15. <Abstract>

LeDoux J.
The self: clues from the brain.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003 Oct;1001:295-304. <Abstract><Full article>

LeDoux J.
The emotional brain, fear, and the amygdala.
Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2003 Oct;23(4-5):727-38. <Abstract>

Morgan MA, Schulkin J, LeDoux JE.
Ventral medial prefrontal cortex and emotional perseveration: the memory for prior extinction training.
Behav Brain Res. 2003 Nov 30;146(1-2):121-30. <Abstract><Full article>

Moita MA, Rosis S, Zhou Y, LeDoux JE, Blair HT.
Hippocampal Place Cells Acquire Location-Specific Responses to the Conditioned Stimulus during Auditory Fear Conditioning.Neuron. 2003 Feb 6;37(3):485-97. <Abstract><Full article>

Sullivan GM, Apergis J, Gorman JM, LeDoux JE.Rodent doxapram model of panic: behavioral effects and c-Fos immunoreactivity in the amygdala. Biol Psychiatry. 2003 May 15;53(10):863-70.
<Abstract>

2002

Bauer EP, Schafe GE, LeDoux JE.
NMDA Receptors and L-Type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels Contribute to Long-Term Potentiation and Different Components of Fear Memory Formation in the Lateral Amygdala. J Neurosci. 2002 Jun 15;22(12):5239-49.<Abstract><Full article>

Debiec J, Joseph E. LeDoux, and Karim Nader
Cellular and Systems Reconsolidation in the Hippocampus. Neuron Oct 24, 2002, 36 (3) 527–538<Abstract><Full article>

Lamprecht R, Farb CR, LeDoux JE
Fear Memory Formation Involves p190 RhoGAP and ROCK Proteins through a GRB2-Mediated Complex. Neuron. 2002 Nov 14;36(4):727-38.
<Abstract><Full article>

Doron NN, Ledoux JE, Semple MN.
Redefining the tonotopic core of rat auditory cortex: Physiological evidence for a posterior field.
J Comp Neurol. 2002 Nov 25;453(4):345-60.<Abstract><Full article>

Moita MA, Lamprecht R, Nader K, LeDoux JE.
A-kinase anchoring proteins in amygdala are involved in auditory fear memory.
Nat Neurosci. 2002 Sep;5(9):837-8.<Abstract><Full article>

Medina JF, Christopher Repa J, Mauk MD, LeDoux JE.
Parallels between cerebellum- and amygdala-dependent conditioning. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2002 Feb;3(2):122-31. Review.<Abstract><Full article>

Rodrigues SM, Bauer EP, Farb CR, Schafe GE, LeDoux JE.
The Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor mGluR5 Is Required for Fear Memory Formation and Long-Term Potentiation in the Lateral Amygdala. J Neurosci. 2002 Jun 15;22(12):5219-29.<Abstract><Full article>

Rodrigues SM, Ledoux JE, Sapolsky RM.The influence of stress hormones on fear circuitry.Annu Rev Neurosci. 2009;32:289-313.<Full>

2001

Bauer EP, LeDoux JE, Nader K.Fear conditioning and LTP in the lateral amygdala are sensitive to the same stimulus contingencies.Nat Neurosci. 2001 Jul;4(7):687-8. No abstract available.<Abstract><Full article>

Blair HT, Schafe GE, Bauer EP, Rodrigues SM, LeDoux JE. Synaptic plasticity in the lateral amygdala: a cellular hypothesis of fear conditioning.Learn Mem. 2001 Sep-Oct;8(5):229-42. Review.<Abstract><Full article>

Blanchard C, Blanchard R, Fellous JM, Guimaraes FS, Irwin W, Ledoux JE, McGaugh JL, Rosen JB, Schenberg LC, Volchan E, Da Cunha C. The brain decade in debate: III. Neurobiology of emotion. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2001 Mar;34(3):283-93. Review.<Abstract><Full article>

LeDoux JE, Gorman JM.A call to action: overcoming anxiety through active coping.Am J Psychiatry. 2001 Dec;158(12):1953-5<Full article>

Nader K, Majidishad P, Amorapanth P, LeDoux JE.Damage to the lateral and central, but not other, amygdaloid nuclei prevents the acquisition of auditory fear conditioning.Learn Mem. 2001 May-Jun;8(3):156-63.<Abstract><Full article>

Peper M, Karcher S, Wohlfarth R, Reinshagen G, LeDoux JE. Aversive learning in patients with unilateral lesions of the amygdala and hippocampus. Biol Psychol. 2001 Sep;58(1):1-23.<Abstract><Full article>

Repa JC, Muller J, Apergis J, Desrochers TM, Zhou Y, LeDoux JE.Two different lateral amygdala cell populations contribute to the initiation and storage of memory. Nat Neurosci. 2001 Jul;4(7):724-31.<Abstract><Full article>

Rodrigues SM, Schafe GE, LeDoux JE.(2001) Intra-amygdala blockade of the nr2b subunit of the nmda receptor disrupts the acquisition but not the expression of fear conditioning.
J Neurosci. 2001 Sep 1;21(17):6889-96.<Abstract><Full article>

Schafe GE, Nader K, Blair HT, LeDoux JE. Memory consolidation of Pavlovian fear conditioning: a cellular and molecular perspective.Trends Neurosci. 2001 Sep;24(9):540-6.<Abstract><Full article>

Yaniv D, Schafe GE, LeDoux JE, Richter-Levin G. A gradient of plasticity in the amygdala revealed by cortical and subcortical stimulation, in vivo. Neuroscience. 2001;106(3):613-20.<Abstract><Full article>

2000

Amorapanth, P., LeDoux, J.E., Nader, K. (2000) Different lateral amygdala outputs mediate reactionand actions elicited by a fear-arousing stimulus. Nat Neurosci 2000 Jan;3(1):74-79. <Abstract><Full article>

Doron, N. N., LeDoux, J. E. (2000). Cells in the posterior thalamus project to both amygdala and temporal cortex: A quantitative retrograde double-labeling study in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 425:257-74.<Abstract><Full article>

Nader, K., Schafe, G. and LeDoux, J.E. (2000) Fear memories require protein synthesis in the amygdala for reconsolidation after retrieval. Nature, Aug 17 406(6797):722-6. <Abstract><Full article>

Nader, K., Schafe, G. and LeDoux, J.E. (2000) The labile nature of consolidation theory. Nature Neuroscience Reviews.Dec;1(3):216-9. <Abstract>

Schafe G and LeDoux JE (2000) Memory consolidation of auditory Pavlovian fear conditioning requires protein synthesis and PKA in the amygdala. J. Neuroscience 20: 8177-8187. <Abstract><Full article>

Schafe, G. E., Fitts, D. A., Thiele, T. E., LeDoux, J. E., Bernstein, I. L. (2000) The induction of c-Fos in the NTS after taste aversion learning is not correlated with measures of conditioned fear. Behav. Neurosci. 114:99-106. <Abstract>

Schafe, G.E. and LeDoux, J.E. (2000). Memory consolidation of auditory Pavlovian fear conditioning requires protein synthesis and protein kinase A in the amygdala. The Journal of Neuroscience, 20, RC96, 1-5.<Abstract><Full article>

Schafe, G.E., Atkins, C.M., Swank, M.W., Bauer, E.P., Sweatt, J.D., and LeDoux, J.E. (2000). Activation of ERK/MAP kinase in the amygdala is required for memory consolidation of Pavlovian fear conditioning. The Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 8177-8187. <Abstract> <Full article>

Wilensky, A.E., Schafe, G.E., and LeDoux, J.E. (2000) The amygdala modulates memory consolidation of fear-motivated inhibitory avoidance learning but not classical fear conditioning. J. Neurosci. 20(18), 7059-7066. <Abstract><Full article>

Woodson W. , Farb CR and LeDoux JE (2000) Projections from the Auditory Thalamus to Inhibitory Interneurons in the Lateral Nucleus of the Amygdala. Synapse 38: 124-137.

Woodson, W., Farb, C.R., and LeDoux, J.E. (2000) Afferents from the Auditory Thalamus Synapse on Inhibitory Interneurons in 1st the Lateral Nucleus of the Amygdala. Synapse,38: 124-137. <Abstract><Full article>

Yaniv, D., Schafe, G.E., LeDoux, J.E., and Richter-Levin, G. (2000). Perirhinal cortex and thalamic stimulation induces LTP in different areas of the amygdala. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 911, 474-6.<Abstract>

  • 1999

    Amorapanth P, Nader K, LeDoux JE. (1999) Lesions of periaqueductal gray dissociate-conditioned freezing from conditioned suppression behavior in rats. Learning and Memory 6, 491-9.<Abstract><Full article>

    Conrad, C. D., Magarinos, A. M., LeDoux, J. E., and McEwen, B. S. (1999). Repeated restraint stress enhances emotionality and fear conditioning, independently of causing hippocampal CA3 dendritic atrophy. Behavioral Neuroscience. 113:1-12.<Abstract>

    Doron, N.N. and LeDoux, J.E. (1999) Organization of projections to the lateral amygdala from auditory and visual areas of the thalamus in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 412:383-409 (erratum appears J Comp Neurol. (2000) 417(3):385-386. <Abstract><Full article>

    Farb, C.R., LeDoux, J.E. (1999) Afferents From Rat Temporal Cortex Synapse on Lateral Amygdala Neurons That Express NMDA and AMPA ReceptorsSynapse33:218-229. <Abstract> <Full article>

    Morgan, M. A, LeDoux, J. E. (1999) Contribution of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex to the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear in rats. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 72:244-251.<Abstract><Full article>

    Nader, K. LeDoux, J.E. (1999) The dopaminergic modulation of fear: Quinpirole impairs the recall of emotional memories. Behavioral Neuroscience 113(1):152-165.<Abstract><Full article>

    Nader, K, LeDoux, J.E. (1999) Inhibition of the mesoamygdala dopaminergic pathway impairs the retrieval of conditioned fear associations. Behavioral Neuroscience. 113:891-901.<Abstract><Full article>

    Nader, K., & LeDoux, J.E. Neural circuits underlying fear. In J. Schulkin (Ed.), Extreme Shyness and Fear: Origins, Correlates, and Outcomes. Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press.

    Schafe, G.E., Nadel, N.V., Sullivan, G.M., Harris, A., LeDoux, J.E. (1999) Memory consolidatoin for contextual and auditory fear conditioning is dependent on protein synthesis, PKA, and MAP kinase. Learning & Memory6:97-110. <Abstract><Full article>

    Stutzmann, G.E., LeDoux, J.E. (1999) GABAergic Antagonists Block the Inhibitory Effects of Serotonin in the Lateral Amygdala: A Mechanism for Modulation of Sensory Inputs Related to Fear Conditioning. The Journal of Neuroscience RC8:1-4.<Abstract> <Full text>

    Weisskopf, M. and LeDoux, J.E. (1999) Distinct populations of NMDA receptors at subcortical and cortical inputs to principal cells of the lateral amygdala. Journal of Neurophysiology 81:930 -934 <Abstract><Full article>

    Weisskopf, M., Bauer, E. and LeDoux J.E. (1999) L-type voltage gated calcium channels mediate NMDA-independent associative long-term potentiation at thalamic input synapses to the amygdala. Journal of Neuroscience. 19:10512-10519.<Abstract><Full article>

    Chapters and Review Articles

    Armony, J. L. and LeDoux, J. E. (1999) How danger is encoded: Towards a systems, cellular, and computational understanding of cognitive-emotional interactions in fear circuits. In M.S. Gazzaniga, The Cognitive Neurosciences. MIT Press, Cambridge.

    Fanselow, M. S. and LeDoux, J. E. (1999) Why we think plasticity underlying Pavlovian fear conditioning occurs in the basolateral amygdala. Neuron 23:229-232.<Abstract><Full article>

    LaBar, K., and LeDoux, J. E. (1999). Coping with Danger: The neural basis of defensive behaviors and fearful feelings. In Handbook of Physiology. Coping with Environment (Oxford University Press) Vol. Part 3. (in press)

    LeDoux, J. E. (1999) Can Neurobiology Tell Us Anything About Human Feelings? to appear in D. Kahneman, E. Diener, and N. Schwarz (eds) Foundations of Hedonic Psychology: Scientific Perspectives on Enjoyment and Suffering. New York, Russell Sage Foundation.

    LeDoux, J. E. (1999) Cognition and Emotion: Listen to the Brain. In R. Lane (ed) Emotion and Cognitive Neuroscience. Oxford U. Press, New York.

    LeDoux, J. E. (1999) Fear and the Brain: Where have we been and where are we going? Biological Psychiatry 44:1229-1238.<Full article>

    LeDoux, J. E. and Rogan, M. (1999) Emotion and the Animal Brain. In R.A. Wilson and F.C. Keil, The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences. Cambridge, MIT Press, pp. 269-271.

    LeDoux, J.E. (1999) Emotional circuits in the brain. Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. 2nd ed. Elsevier. 644-646.

    Nader, K. and LeDoux, J. E. (1999) The Neural Circuits that Underlie Fear. In L. A. Schmidt and J. Schulkin (eds) Extreme Fear, Shyness, and Social Phobia. Oxford U. Press, New York

  • 1998

    Armony JL, Quirk GJ, LeDoux JE (1998) Differential effects of amygdala lesions on early and late plastic components of auditory cortex spike trains during fear conditioning. Journal of Neuroscience 18(7):2592-601. <Abstract><Full article>

    LaBar KS, Gatenby JC, Gore JC, LeDoux JE, Phelps EA (1998) Human amygdala activation during conditioned fear acquisition and extinction: a mixed-trial fMRI study. Neuron 20(5):937-45. <Abstract><Full article

    LeDoux, J.E. (1998) Cognition and Emotion: Listen to the Brain. In R. Lane (ed) Emotion and Cognitive Neuroscience. Oxford U. Press, New York.

    LeDoux, J.E. (1998) Fear and the Brain: Where have we been and where are we going? Biological Psychiatry 44:1129-1238.

    Stutzmann GE, McEwen BS, LeDoux JE (1998) Serotonin modulation of sensory inputs to the lateral amygdala: dependency on corticosterone. Journal of Neuroscience 18(22):9529-38.<Abstract><Full text>


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  • 1997

    Armony, J.L., Servan-Schreiber, D., Romanski, L.M., Cohen, J.D. & LeDoux, J.E. (1997) Stimulus generalization of fear responses: Effects of auditory cortex lesions in a computational model and in rats. Cerbral Cortex 7: 157-165.<Abstract>

    Armony J.L., Servan-Schreiber D., Cohen J.D. and LeDoux J.E. (1997) Computational modeling of emotion: Explorations through the anatomy and physiology of fear conditioning.Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 1: 28-34.<Abstract>

    Armony J.L. and LeDoux J.E. (1997) How the brain processes emotional information. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 821:259-270.<Abstract>

    Farb, C.R. & LeDoux, J.E. (1997) NMDA and AMPA receptors are post-synaptiic to auditory thalamic afferents.Synapse 27: 106-121 .
    <    Abstract><Full Article>

    LaBar, K. & LeDoux, J.E. ? in Handbook of Physiology. Coping with Environmentt (Oxford University Press, 1997).

    LeDoux, J.E. (1997) Emotion, Memory, and Pain. Pain Forum 6: 36-37.

    LeDoux, J.E. & Muller, J. (1997) Emotional memory and psychopathology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1997 Nov 29;352(1362):1719-26. Review.<Abstract> <Full Article>

    Muller J., Corodimas K.P., Fridel Z. and LeDoux J.E. (1997) Functional Inactivation of the Lateral and Basal Nuclei of the Amygdala by Muscimol Infusion Prevents Fear Conditioning to an Explicit CS and to Contextual Stimuli Behavioral Neuroscience, 111: 683 -691. <Abstract>

    Nader, K., & LeDoux, J.E. (1997) Is it time to invoke multiple fear learning systems? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 1, 241-244.

    Pitkanen, A., Savander, V. & LeDoux, J.L. (1997) Organization of intra-amygdaloid circuitries: an emerging framework for understanding functions of the amygdala. Trends in Neurosciences 20: 517-523.<Abstract><Full article>

    Quirk, G.J., Armony, J.L. & LeDoux, J.E. (1997) Fear conditioning enhances different temporal components of toned-evoked spike trains in auditory cortex and lateral amygdala.Neuron 19(3):613-624.<Abstract><Full Article>

    Quirk G.J., Armony J.L., Repa J.C., Li X.-F. and LeDoux J.E. (in press) Emotional memory: A search for sites of plasticity. In Stillman B. (Ed.), Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, vol. LXI: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

    Rogan, M., Staubli, U. & LeDoux, J.E. (1997) AMPA-receptor facilitation accelerates fear learning without altering the level of conditioned fear aquired.Journal of Neuroscience 17: 5928 - 5935 .<Abstract><Full Article>

    M T Rogan, U V Stäubli & J E LeDoux (1997) Fear conditioning induces associative long-term potentiation in the amygdala. Nature.1997 Dec 11;390(6660):604-7.<Abstract><Full Article>

    Savander, V., LeDoux, J.E. & Pitkanen, A. (1997) Lateral nucleus of the rat amygdala is reciprocally connected with basal and accessory basal nuclei: A light and electron microscopic study.Neuroscience 77: 767-781 .
    <    Abstract><Full Article>

    Savander V, Ledoux JE, Pitkanen A. Related Articles Interamygdaloid projections of the basal and accessory basal nuclei of the rat amygdaloid complex. Neuroscience. 1997 Feb;76(3):725-35.<Abstract><Full Article>

  • LaBar K.S. and LeDoux J.E. (1996). Partial disruption of fear conditioning in rats with unilateral amygdala damage: correspondence with unilateral temporal lobectomy in humans. Behavioral Neuroscience, 110(5): 991- 997.<Abstract>

    LeDoux J. Related Articles Emotional networks and motor control: a fearful view. Prog Brain Res. 1996;107:437-46. Review. No abstract available.

    Li X.F., Armony J.L. and LeDoux J.E. (1996) GABAA and GABAB receptors differentially regulate synaptic transmission in the auditory thalamo-amygdala pathway: An in vivo microiontophoretic study and a model. Synapse, 24: 115-124.<Abstract>

    Li X.F., Stutzmann G.E. and LeDoux J.E. (1996) Convergent but temporally spaced inputs to lateral amygdala neurons from the auditory thalamus and auditory cortex use different postsynaptic receptors: in vivo intracellular and extracellular recordings. Learning and Memory, 3: 219-242   <Abstract>

    Melia K.R., Ryabinin A.E., Corodimas K.P., Wilson M.C. and Ledoux J.E. (1996). Hippocampal-dependent learning and experience-dependent activation of the hippocampus are preferentially disrupted by ethanol. Neuroscience, 74(2): 313-322. <Abstract>

    Quirk, G.J., Armony, J.L., Repa, J.C., Li, X.-F. & LeDoux, J.E. (1996) Emotional memory: A search for sites of plasticity. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Biology 61: 247-257. <Abstract>

    Rogan, M.T. and LeDoux, J.E. (1996) Emotion: Systems, cells, synaptic plasticity. Cell, 85: 469-475<Abstract>

    Savander V., Go C.-G., LeDoux J.E. and Pitkanen A. (1996). Intrinsic Connections of the Rat Amygdaloid Complex: Projections Originating in the Accessory Basal Nucleus. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 374: 291- 313.<Abstract>

    Savander V, LeDoux JE, Pitkanen A. Related Articles Topographic projections from the periamygdaloid cortex to select subregions of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala in the rat. Neurosci Lett. 1996 Jun 28;211(3):167-70.<Abstract>

  • 1995

    Armony J.L., Servan-Schreiber D., Cohen J.D. and LeDoux J.E. (1995). An anatomically constrained neural network model of fear conditioning. Behavioral Neuroscience, 109(2): 246-257.<Abstract>

    Corodimas K.P. and LeDoux J.E. (1995). Disruptive effects of posttraining perirhinal cortex lesions on conditioned fear: contributions of contextual cues. Behavioral Neuroscience, 109(4): 613-619.<    Abstract>

    Farb C.R., Aoki C. and Ledoux J.E. (1995). Differential localization of NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits in the lateral and basal nuclei of the amygdala: a light and electron microscopic study. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 362(1): 86-108.<    Abstract>

    Hugdahl K., Berardi A., Thompson W.L., Kosslyn S.M., Macy R., Baker D.P., Alpert N.M. and LeDoux J.E. (1995). Brain mechanisms in human classical conditioning: a PET blood flow study. Neuroreport, 6(13): 1723-1728.<    Abstract>

    LaBar K.S., LeDoux J.E., Spencer D.D. and Phelps E.A. (1995). Impaired fear conditioning following unilateral temporal lobectomy in humans. Journal of Neuroscience, 15(10): 6846-6855.<    Abstract>

    LeDoux J.E. (1995). Emotion: clues from the brain. [Review]. Annual Review of Psychology, 46: 209-235.<    Abstract>

    Li X.F., Phillips R. and LeDoux J.E. (1995). NMDA and non-NMDA receptors contribute to synaptic transmission between the medial geniculate body and the lateral nucleus of the amygdala.Experimental Brain Research, 105(1): 87-100.<    Abstract>

    Morgan M.A. and LeDoux J.E. (1995). Differential contribution of dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex to the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear in rats. Behavioral Neuroscience, 109(4): 681-688.<    Abstract>

    Phillips R.G. and LeDoux J.E. (1995). Lesions of the fornix but not the entorhinal or perirhinal cortex interfere with contextual fear conditioning. Journal of Neuroscience, 15(7 Pt 2): 5308-5315.<    Abstract>

    Pitkanen A., Stefanacci L., Farb C.R., Go G.G., LeDoux J.E. and Amaral D.G. (1995). Intrinsic connections of the rat amygdaloid complex: projections originating in the lateral nucleus. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 356(2): 288-310.<    Abstract>

    Quirk G.J., Repa C. and LeDoux J.E. (1995). Fear conditioning enhances short-latency auditory responses of lateral amygdala neurons: parallel recordings in the freely behaving rat. Neuron, 15(5): 1029-1039.<    Abstract>

    Rogan M.T. and LeDoux J.E. (1995). LTP is accompanied by commensurate enhancement of auditory-evoked responses in a fear conditioning circuit. Neuron, 15(1): 127-136.<    Abstract>

    Savander V., Go C.G., LeDoux J.E. and Pitkanen A. (1995). Intrinsic connections of the rat amygdaloid complex: projections originating in the basal nucleus. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 361(2): 345-368.<    Abstract>

    Sparks P.D. and LeDoux J.E. (1995). Septal lesions potentiate freezing behavior to contextual but not to phasic conditioned stimuli in rats. Behavioral Neuroscience, 109(1): 184-188.<    Abstract>


  • 1994

    Bordi F. and LeDoux J.E. (1994). Response properties of single units in areas of rat auditory thalamus that project to the amygdala. I. Acoustic discharge patterns and frequency receptive fields.Experimental Brain Research, 98(2): 261-74.
    <    Abstract>

    Bordi F. and LeDoux J.E. (1994). Response properties of single units in areas of rat auditory thalamus that project to the amygdala. II. Cells receiving convergent auditory and somatosensory inputs and cells antidromically activated by amygdala stimulation. Experimental Brain Research, 98(2): 275-286.<Abstract>

    Corodimas K.P., LeDoux J.E., Gold P.W. and Schulkin J. (1994). Corticosterone potentiation of conditioned fear in rats. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 746: 392-393.<    Abstract>

    LeDoux J.E. (1994). Emotion, memory and the brain. [Review].Scientific American, 270(6): 32-39.<    Abstract>

    Phillips RG, LeDoux JE. Related Articles Lesions of the dorsal hippocampal formation interfere with background but not foreground contextual fear conditioning. Learn Mem. 1994 May-Jun;1(1):34-44.<Abstract>

  • 1993

    Bordi F., LeDoux J., Clugnet M.C. and Pavlides C. (1993). Single-unit activity in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala and overlying areas of the striatum in freely behaving rats: rates, discharge patterns, and responses to acoustic stimuli. Behavioral Neuroscience, 107(5): 757-769.<Abstract>

    LeDoux J.E. (1993). Emotional memory systems in the brain. [Review]. Behavioural Brain Research, 58(1-2): 69-79.<    Abstract>

    LeDoux J.E. (1993). Emotional memory: in search of systems and synapses. [Review]. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 702: 149-157.<    Abstract>

    Morgan M.A., Romanski L.M. and LeDoux J.E. (1993). Extinction of emotional learning: contribution of medial prefrontal cortex.Neuroscience Letters, 163(1): 109-113.<    Abstract>

    Romanski L.M., Clugnet M.C., Bordi F. and LeDoux J.E. (1993). Somatosensory and auditory convergence in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. Behavioral Neuroscience, 107(3): 444-450.<    Abstract>

    Romanski L.M. and LeDoux J.E. (1993). Information cascade from primary auditory cortex to the amygdala: corticocortical and corticoamygdaloid projections of temporal cortex in the rat. Cerebral Cortex, 3(6): 515-532.<    Abstract>

    Romanski L.M. and LeDoux J.E. (1993). Organization of rodent auditory cortex: anterograde transport of PHA-L from MGv to temporal neocortex. Cerebral Cortex, 3(6): 499-514.<    Abstract>

  • 1992

    Bordi F. and LeDoux J. (1992). Sensory tuning beyond the sensory system: an initial analysis of auditory response properties of neurons in the lateral amygdaloid nucleus and overlying areas of the striatum.Journal of Neuroscience, 12(7): 2493-2503.<Abstract>

    Farb C., Aoki C., Milner T., Kaneko T. and LeDoux J. (1992). Glutamate immunoreactive terminals in the lateral amygdaloid nucleus: a possible substrate for emotional memory. Brain Research, 593(2): 145-158.<    Abstract>

    LeDoux J.E. (1992). Brain mechanisms of emotion and emotional learning. [Review]. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2(2): 191-197.<    Abstract>

    Phillips R.G. and LeDoux J.E. (1992). Differential contribution of amygdala and hippocampus to cued and contextual fear conditioning.Behavioral Neuroscience, 106(2): 274-285.<    Abstract>

    Romanski L.M. and LeDoux J.E. (1992). Bilateral destruction of neocortical and perirhinal projection targets of the acoustic thalamus does not disrupt auditory fear conditioning. Neuroscience Letters, 142(2): 228-232.<    Abstract>

    Romanski L.M. and LeDoux J.E. (1992). Equipotentiality of thalamo-amygdala and thalamo-cortico-amygdala circuits in auditory fear conditioning. Journal of Neuroscience, 12(11): 4501-4509.<    Abstract>

    Stefanacci L., Farb C.R., Pitkanen A., Go G., LeDoux J.E. and Amaral D.G. (1992). Projections from the lateral nucleus to the basal nucleus of the amygdala: a light and electron microscopic PHA-L study in the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 323(4): 586-601.<    Abstract>

  • 1991

    LeDoux J.E. and Farb C.R. (1991). Neurons of the acoustic thalamus that project to the amygdala contain glutamate. Neuroscience Letters, 134(1): 145-149.<Abstract>

    LeDoux J.E., Farb C.R. and Milner T.A. (1991). Ultrastructure and synaptic associations of auditory thalamo-amygdala projections in the rat. Experimental Brain Research, 85(3): 577-586.<    Abstract>

    LeDoux J.E., Farb C.R. and Romanski L.M. (1991). Overlapping projections to the amygdala and striatum from auditory processing areas of the thalamus and cortex. Neuroscience Letters, 134(1): 139-144.<    Abstract>

  • 1990

    Clugnet M.C. and LeDoux J.E. (1990). Synaptic plasticity in fear conditioning circuits: induction of LTP in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala by stimulation of the medial geniculate body. Journal of Neuroscience, 10(8): 2818-2824.<Abstract>

    Clugnet M.C., LeDoux J.E. and Morrison S.F. (1990). Unit responses evoked in the amygdala and striatum by electrical stimulation of the medial geniculate body. Journal of Neuroscience, 10(4): 1055-1061.<    Abstract>

    LeDoux J.E., Cicchetti P., Xagoraris A. and Romanski L.M. (1990). The lateral amygdaloid nucleus: sensory interface of the amygdala in fear conditioning. Journal of Neuroscience, 10(4): 1062-1069.<    Abstract>

    LeDoux J.E., Farb C. and Ruggiero D.A. (1990). Topographic organization of neurons in the acoustic thalamus that project to the amygdala. Journal of Neuroscience, 10(4): 1043-1054.<    Abstarct>

  • 1989

    Iwata J. and LeDoux J.E. (1988). Dissociation of associative and nonassociative concomitants of classical fear conditioning in the freely behaving rat. Behavioral Neuroscience, 102(1): 66-76.<Abstract>

    LeDoux J.E., Iwata J., Cicchetti P. and Reis D.J. (1988). Different projections of the central amygdaloid nucleus mediate autonomic and behavioral correlates of conditioned fear. Journal of Neuroscience, 8(7): 2517-2529.<    Abstract>

    1987

    Iwata J., Chida K. and LeDoux J.E. (1987). Cardiovascular responses elicited by stimulation of neurons in the central amygdaloid nucleus in awake but not anesthetized rats resemble conditioned emotional responses. Brain Research, 418(1): 183-138 <Abstract>.

    LeDoux J.E., Ruggiero D.A., Forest R., Stornetta R. and Reis D.J. (1987). Topographic organization of convergent projections to the thalamus from the inferior colliculus and spinal cord in the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 264(1): 123-1 46.<    Abstract>

    Reis D.J. and LeDoux J.E. (1987). Some central neural mechanisms governing resting and behaviorally coupled control of blood pressure. [Review]. Circulation, 76(1 Pt 2): I2-19.<    Abstract>

    1986

    Iwata J., LeDoux J.E., Meeley M.P., Arneric S. and Reis D.J. (1986). Intrinsic neurons in the amygdaloid field projected to by the medial geniculate body mediate emotional responses conditioned to acoustic stimuli. Brain Research, 383(1-2): 195- 214.<Abstract>

    Iwata J., LeDoux J.E. and Reis D.J. (1986). Destruction of intrinsic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus disrupts the classical conditioning of autonomic but not behavioral emotional responses in the rat. Brain Research, 368(1): 161-166.<    Abstract>

    LeDoux J.E., Iwata J., Pearl D. and Reis D.J. (1986). Disruption of auditory but not visual learning by destruction of intrinsic neurons in the rat medial geniculate body. Brain Research, 371(2): 395-399.<    Abstract>

    LeDoux J.E., Sakaguchi A., Iwata J. and Reis D.J. (1986). Interruption of projections from the medial geniculate body to an archi-neostriatal field disrupts the classical conditioning of emotional responses to acoustic stimuli. Neuroscience, 17( 3): 615-627.<    Abstract>

    1985

    LeDoux J.E., Ruggiero D.A. and Reis D.J. (1985). Projections to the subcortical forebrain from anatomically defined regions of the medial geniculate body in the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 242(2): 182-213.<Abstract>

    LeDoux J.E., Sakaguchi A., Iwata J. and Reis D.J. (1985). Auditory emotional memories: establishment by projections from the medial geniculate nucleus to the posterior neostriatum and/or dorsal amygdala. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 444: 463-464.<    Abstract>

    1984

    LeDoux J.E., Sakaguchi A. and Reis D.J. (1984). Subcortical efferent projections of the medial geniculate nucleus mediate emotional responses conditioned to acoustic stimuli. Journal of Neuroscience, 4(3): 683-698.<Abstract>

    Sakaguchi A., LeDoux J.E., Sved A.F. and Reis D.J. (1984). Strain difference in fear between spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats is mediated by adrenal cortical hormones. Neuroscience Letters, 46(1): 59-64.<    Abstract>

    1983

    LeDoux J.E., Sakaguchi A. and Reis D.J. (1983). Alpha-methylDOPA dissociates hypertension, cardiovascular reactivity and emotional behavior in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Brain Research, 259(1): 69-76.<Abstract>

    LeDoux J.E., Sakaguchi A. and Reis D.J. (1983). Strain differences in fear between spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. Brain Research, 277(1): 137-143.<    Abstract>

    LeDoux J.E., Thompson M.E., Iadecola C., Tucker L.W. and Reis D.J. (1983). Local cerebral blood flow increases during auditory and emotional processing in the conscious rat. Science, 221(4610): 576-578.<    Abstract>

    Sakaguchi A., LeDoux J.E. and Reis D.J. (1983). Sympathetic nerves and adrenal medulla: contributions to cardiovascular-conditioned emotional responses in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension, 5(5): 728-738.<    Abstract>

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